Amazon EC2: Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud. Amazon EC2 is a web service that provides resealable computing capacity—literally servers in Amazon’s data centers that you use to build and host your software systems.
Amazon Machine Image (AMI): is a template that contains a software configuration. It defines what is the OS, what app server and apps running on top of that OS. From an AMI, you can launch instances. An instance is a virtual server running on Amazon cloud.
Instance Type: determines the hardware config of the instance, like CPU, memory and etc. You can launch different types of instance from a AMI at the same time.
Region and Availability Zones: Each region contains multiple distinct locations called Availability Zones. Each Availability Zone is engineered to be isolated from failures in other Availability Zones, and to provide inexpensive, low-latency network connectivity to other zones in the same region. By launching instances in separate Availability Zones, you can protect your applications from the failure of a single location.
Root Device: When you launch an Amazon EC2 instance, the root device contains the image used to boot the instance. It’s like the BIOS part of a PC.
Amazon EBS: Amazon Elastic Block Store, virtual block device is like a harddrive which can be attached to an VM instance.
Amazon EC2 Instance Store: This is storage that is physically attached to the host computer. The data on an instance store volume doesn’t persist when the associated instance is stopped or terminated.
Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3): Amazon S3 is like a drive on the internet. storage for the Internet. It provides a simple web service interface that enables you to store and retrieve any amount of data from anywhere on the web.
Amazon RDS: Amazon Relational Database Service enables you to easily get a managed relational database in the cloud
Provisioned IOPS volume: nables you to provision a specific level of I/O performance if desired for a EBS volume
Amazon S3 Data Durability and Reliability: S3 provides a highly durable storage infrastructure designed for mission-critical and primary data storage. The service redundantly stores data in multiple facilities and on multiple devices within each facility.